donaldson



(N0 Modeh) 4 sheets -sheet 1'. 4

,w. 'D'ONALDSON.

HYDRAULIC MACHINERY. I No. 293,641. Fig.1; Patented-'Feb. 19,1884.

. HYDRAULIC MACHINERY.

Patehted 11.19, 1884.

a a n Vnwtrd UNIT D STATES WILLIAM DoNALDsou, or AMBLESIDE, coun ry ENGLAND.

OF WVESTMORELAND,

HYoRAuuo-MAoHiN RY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 293,641, dated February 19, 1884.

Application filed June 11, 1883. (No model.) Patented in England January 18, 1883, No. 294.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, WVILLIAM DONALDSON, of Ambleside, WVestmoreland,England, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Hydraulic Machinery, (for which I'have obtained Letters Patent in Great Britain, dated JanuarylS, A. D. 1883, N0. 294,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to hydraulic power or pumping machinery, and is fully described as follows, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which like letters rep resent like parts f Figure 1 being a sectional elevation of a four-cylinder engine; Fig. 2, a sectional plan of same; Fig. 5, a vertical section through cylinder and casing; Fig.6, a part section through valve, Fig. 8, a section through cover of casing, air-pipes, and special lubricator; Figs. 9 and 10, sections through cylinder-caps, showing air-valves. Fig. 3 is half-sectional elevation andhalfelevation of two-cyli nder pumping-ea gine; Fig. 4, a cross-sectional elevationthrough center of rising main; Fig. 7, ahalf-plan and half-sectional plan of pump-case.

When the machinery is applied to the 'production of power, referring to Figs. 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 10, the space between the cylinders c and the casing d is kept constantly supplied with water under anyIassigned pressure. When one eccentric only is used, the length of the concentric cylindrical valve must be such as to suit the minimum length of the stroke. WVhen two eccentrics are used, the length of valve suited for the maximum length of fullstroke will be sufficient for varying the length of full-stroke from nothing to the maximum, and also for shutting off the water during a whole revolution. The cylinder is provided with three sets of port-holes, one, 0, at the commencement for the admission of the water, one, 0, near end for the egress of water, and one, 0, covered ordinarily by the lid for the egress of the water, whose function is to act as a safety-valve. The full length of the cylinder exceeds the maximum length of the working-stroke, and the outlet port-holes 0 are cut out of this excess length. The inlet-valve V is actuated by the eccentric, the arm of which is so set that the valve begins to open at the an easy mechanical fit.

, closes at the instantof the termination of the working-stroke. WVhen the piston descends belowthe maximum length of working-stroke,

, thecontained water begins to empty into the.

tail-race. The lid is provided with air-valves connected with the external air by pipes.

These air-valves allow of the free admission of the air at the instant of the termination of full-stroke, and of its egress during the return stroke, and close the instant the water is admitted. The communication is made with the external air by the pipes 12, which pass through and are fixed 'to the lid of the casing, and fit into circular holes q in the cylinder-lid b with These circular holes are of such a depth and the clearance'between the bottoms of the pipes and the holes when the lid is closed is such that the lid can. move freely upward a sufficient height. The lid is of the necessary depth to cover the safetyvalve port-holes 0, and fits into the cylinder accurately for this length. It is supported by flanges resting on the cylinder, and kept in its'position by the pressure of the water on the outside area of the lid. Port-holes 0', opposite the port-holes 0 in the cylinder, are provided, and the motion of the lid is so regulated that if, from any cause, the return-stroke of the piston brings water back and. the valve Vis held up by mishap opposite the portholes o, the raising of the lid will allow of the escape of the water before the completion of the return-stroke through the port-holes 0. WVhen the valve is in its correct relative position,the contained water will escape directly through the port-holes 0. The capability of motion of the lid also allows of an indefinite diminution of the interval of clearance.

Then used for the purposes of pumping, referring to Figs. 3, 4, and 7, the lid 1) does not necessarily contain airvalves of any description. It may be of the pattern shown on the-drawings of the power-engine, as in Figs. 2, 9, and 10, but is by preference of the shape shown on the drawings of the pumping-ea gine, Fig. 3. The cylindrical part of the lid which slides in the cylinder 0 does not form a complete cylinder, and on the least raising of I00 k oil-boxes, s and c.

the lid the water escapes over the edge of the cylinder 0 through. the openings in the cylin drical part of the lid.

The drawings, Fig. 3, show the adaptation to a deep-well pump, in which the casing (1 round the cylinders is partially and maybe wholly immersed. The casing d rests on the support S, which in turn is supported by the vertical rods 1, passing through and resting upon the balk X. These rods are screwed for a considerable length, so as to admit of raising and lowering the pump out of or into the water. The annular space between the rising main and the external cylinder acts as an airvessel. This external cylinder is accurately turned, so as to admit of its moving up and down the accurately-bored cylinder in for a vertical height equal to that through which it is proposed to raise and lower the pumps. The cylinder at is fixed by two brackets to the cross-beams Y, and keeps the rising main and pump-cylinders in a vertical position. Since the edges a a of the guidepiece K may be immersed in the water, it is necessary to provide two other somewhat similar guide-pieces, K, with edges 9 g at the same level fixed to a plate, 3', which is supported by the uprights i, fixed to the casing of the pumps, for the purpose of adjusting the length of the rods c011- nccting the piston and valve with the crankshaft. The magnitude of the weight H must be sufficient to actuate the piston, and will vary with the size of the cylinder and the number of the strokes.

For the purposes of producing power and pumping, the cylinders a may be inclined at any angle to the horizon; but by preference they ought to be vertical. \Vhen the cylinders areplaced vertically, the moving parts balance one another, and the rod connecting the piston and valves with the crank-shaft are always in tension, so that they may consist for the greater part of their length of either chain or wire rope, and single brasses for the bearings only will be required. In the case of thepower-engine the rods are always in tension. Suction-pipes of the usual length can be attached to the pumps.

The special cap K, fixed to the lid of the casing d, has holes, through which the pipes 19 communicate with the open air, and also two accurately-bored holes, through one of which the piston-rod and through the other the valve-rod works. These caps' contain two The object of the lower one is to allow of the passage of any water which may escape between the piston and the sides of the cap K onto top of a grating, placed to protect the entrance of the air-pipes p, and from thence back into the cylinder 0 through the air-pipes p. The edges a a are at the same level. Notches are cut in the pisare just opposite the edges a a the full-working stroke is just about to commence and the valve is just beginning to open. Simple arrangements for adjusting the length of the rods between these notches and the crankshaft are provided.

The eccentric or eccentrics with the linkmotors are not shown on thedrawings, because they are not claimed as special features.v The valve V is actuated by the eccentric in such a way that it begins to open directly the working-stroke begins, and closes at the instant that the piston reaches the end of the working-stroke. On the return-stroke of the piston the valve is entirely closed. The eccentric is set at an angle which corresponds with the length of the working-stroke. Vhen used as a. motor, the arm of the eccentric precedes the crank-arm. \Vhen used as a pump, the arm of the eccentric follows the crankarm. In other words, when used as a motor, the arm of the eccentric is set at the proper angle, always less than one hundred and eighty degrees in front of the crank-arm, and when used as a pump is set at the proper angle, always less than one hundred and eighty degrees in rear of the crank-arm. The weight H is used to pull down the piston when the machine is used as a pump, when the piston is actuated simply by a flexible rodsuch as a rope or chain. The mere altering of the set of the valves will convert the pump into a motor, and vice-versa; but in the use of the motor there-must be air-pipes, while in the case of the pumps there should not be any air-pipes. \Vith a foot-valve to the suctionpipe the machine will act as a pump with the air-pipes; but they are even in this case detrimental. \Vithout air-pipes the machine will act as a pump without foot-valves to suetion. The loose lid acts as a safcty-valve. The air-pipes with ball-valves, in the case of the motor, admit the air while the water is emptying out of the cylinder and allow of its escape during the return-stroke, the valve itself being closed during this interval.

I claim The combination of parts, consisting of one or more cylinders, c, surrounded by a liquidholding casing d, the balanced cylindrical valve V and its adjusting-weight, with the loose saiety-valvecylinder cover or lid 1), cap K, and lubricators s and c, together with the weighted valve 11, all substantially as described and illustrated, for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

VILLIAM DOXALDSON.

Witnesses:

H. J. HADDAN, A. E. MELHUIsII. 

